3. Complex Number

Consider a complex number \(z\) defined by \[z = x+jy\] The modulus or absolute value of \(z\) is represented by \(|z|\) and defined by \[|z| = \sqrt{x^2+y^2}\] The phase angle or argument of \(z\) is represented by \(\angle z\) and defined by \[\angle z = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{y}{x}\right)\]