Convection

Convection refers to any transfer of thermal energy by motion of the medium.

The convective heat transfer between a surface and an adjacent fluid is prescribed by Newton’s law of cooling. \[\boxed{Q=hA(T_s-T_\infty)}\] where

\(Q\) = Rate of heat transfer (W)
\(A\) = Area exposed to heat transfer (m\(^2\))
\(T_s\) = Surface temperature of solid (\(^\circ\)C)
\(T_\infty\) = Fluid temperature (\(^\circ\)C), and
\(h\) = Heat transfer coefficient (W/m\(^2\).\(^\circ\)C)

\[{\boxed{h = f (\text{geometry, fluid motion, fluid properties, $\Delta T$})}}\]