Section outline

    • Checklist
      Students must
      Check-off items: 90%
    • Enzymatic Reaction in Batch Reactor Page

      Reactant \(A\) decomposes to products \(B\) and \(C\) in the presence of an enzyme in a well-stirred batch reactor. The kinetic expression is given by \[ -r_A = \frac {0.01C_A}{0.05+C_A} \ \text {(mol.L\(^{-1}\).min\(^{-1}\))} \] If the initial concentration of \(A\) is 0.02 mol/L, the time taken to achieve 50% conversion of \(A\) is _________ min (round off to 2 decimal places).

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    • Gas-phase Reaction in Batch Reactor - Constant Volume / Constant Pressure Page

      An irreversible gas-phase reaction is carried out in a batch reactor at 25oC. The overall reaction is represented by: \[ A + B \rightarrow C \] The rate of disappearance of reactant \(A\) is given by the following function: \[ -r_A = kC_A C_B \ \text{ mol/(m$^3$.s)} \qquad \text{ where} \qquad k = 3.5\times10^{-5} \text{ m$^3$/(mol.s)}\] The reactor is filled with an equal number of moles of \(A\) and \(B\). The initial concentration of \(A\) is \(C_{A0}=50.0\) mol/m3. Calculate the fractional conversion of \(A\) after 500 s for the following two types of batch reactors. Assume ideal gases.
      (a) constant volume batch reactor ________ (b) constant pressure batch reactor ________

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    • Relation for Conversion of Gas-phase Reaction in Batch Reactor Page

      The first-order, gas phase reaction \(A \stackrel {k_1}{\rightarrow } 2B\) is conducted isothermally in batch mode. The rate of change of conversion with time is given by

      1. \(\displaystyle dX_A/dt = k_1(1-X_A)^2(1+2X_A)\)

      2. \(\displaystyle dX_A/dt = k_1(1-X_A)(1+0.5X_A)\)

      3. \(\displaystyle dX_A/dt = k_1(1-X_A)\)

      4. \(\displaystyle dX_A/dt = k_1(1-X_A)/(1+X_A)\)

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    • Variable Volume Reaction in Constant Pressure Reactor Page
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    • Variable Volume Reaction in PFR Page
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    • Variable Volume Reaction in PFR with Pressure Data Page
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    • Second Order Reaction - Conversion vs Time Page
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    • Second-order Liquid-phase Reaction in CSTR Page
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    • Second Order Variable Volume Reaction in PFR Page
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    • Kinetics of Second Order Reaction from MFR Page
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    • Second Order Bi-Molecular Reaction in PFR Page
      Levenspiel3E-5-5
      An aqueous feed of \(A\) and \(B\) (400 liter/min, 100 mmol \(A\)/liter, 200 mmol \(B\)/liter) is to be converted to product in a plug flow reactor. The kinetics of the reaction is represented by \[ A + B \rightarrow R \qquad \qquad -r_A = 200\;C_AC_B \frac{\text{mol}}{\text{liter}\cdot\text{min}} \] with \(C_A\), and \(C_B\) in mol/liter.

      Find the volume of reactor needed for 99.9% conversion of \(A\) to product.

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    • Second Order Bimolecular Reaction in MFR Page
      Levenspiel3E-5-12
      An aqueous feed of \(A\) and \(B\) (400 liter/min, 100 mmol \(A\)/liter, 200 mmol \(B\)/liter) is to be converted to product in a mixed flow reactor. The kinetics of the reaction is represented by\[ A + B \rightarrow R \qquad \qquad -r_A = 200\;C_AC_B \frac{\text{mol}}{\text{liter}\cdot\text{min}} \]with \(C_A\), and \(C_B\) in mol/liter.

      Find the volume of reactor needed for 99.9% conversion of \(A\) to product.

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    • Pressure of Batch Reactor with Gas-phase Reaction Page
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    • Reversible First Order Reaction in PFR Page
      Levenspiel3E-5-6
      A plug flow reactor (2 m3) processes an aqueous feed (100 liter/min) containing reactant \(A\) (\(C_{A0}=100\) mmol/liter). This reaction is reversible and represented by \[ A \rightleftharpoons R \qquad \qquad -r_A = (0.04\; \text{min$^{-1}$}) C_A - (0.01\; \text{min$^{-1}$}) C_R \]First find the equilibrium conversion ______ % and then, the actual conversion______ %
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    • Reversible First Order Reaction in MFR Page
      Levenspiel3E-5-8
      A mixed flow reactor (2 m3) processes an aqueous feed (100 liter/min) containing reactant \(A\) (\(C_{A0}=100\) mmol/liter). This reaction is reversible and represented by \[ A \rightleftharpoons R \qquad \qquad -r_A = (0.04\; \text{min$^{-1}$}) C_A - (0.01\; \text{min$^{-1}$}) C_R \]First find the equilibrium conversion ______ % and then, the actual conversion______ %
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    • Reversible Reaction in MFR Page
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    • Radioactive Reaction in MFR Page
      Levenspiel3E-5-7
      The off gas from a boiling water nuclear power reactor contains a whole variety of radioactive trash, one of the most troublesome being Xe-133 (half-life = 5.2 days). This off gas flows continuously through a large holdup tank in which its mean residence time is 30 days, and where we can assume that the contents are well mixed. Find the percentage of activity removed in the tank.
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    • Enzymatic Reaction in PFR Page
      Levenspiel3E-5-9
      A specific enzyme acts as catalyst in the fermentation of reactant \(A\). At a given enzyme concentration in the aqueous feed stream (25 liter/min) find the volume of plug flow reactor needed for 95% conversion of reactant \(A\) (\(C_{A0}=2\) mol/liter). The kinetics of the fermentation at this enzyme concentration is given by \[ A \stackrel{\text{enzyme}}{\longrightarrow} R \qquad \qquad -r_A = \frac{0.1\; C_A}{1+0.5\;C_A}\frac{\text{mol}}{\text{liter}\cdot\text{min}} \] Enrol me in this course
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    • Enzymatic Reaction in MFR Page
      Students must
      Mark as done
      Levenspiel3E-5-11
      Enzyme \(E\) catalyses the fermentation of substrate \(A\) (the reactant) to product \(R\). Find the size of mixed flow reactor needed for 95% conversion of reactant in a feed stream (25 liter/min) of reactant (2 mol/liter) and enzyme. The kinetics of fermentation at this enzyme concentration are given by\[ A \stackrel{\text{enzyme}}{\longrightarrow} R \qquad \qquad -r_A = \frac{0.1\; C_A}{1+0.5\;C_A}\frac{\text{mol}}{\text{liter}\cdot\text{min}} \] Enrol me in this course
    • Variable Volume First Order Reaction in MFR Page
      Levenspiel3E-5-16
      Gaseous reactant \(A\) decomposes as follows:\[ A \rightarrow 3\; R \qquad \qquad -r_A = (0.6 \text{ min$^{-1}$}) C_A\] Find the conversion of \(A\) in a 50% \(A\) - 50% inert feed (\(v_0 = 180\) liter/min, \(C_{A0}\) = 300 mmol/liter ) to a 1 m3 mixed flow reactor __________% (round off to 1 decimal place).
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    • Variable Volume Reaction - Effect of Temperature Page
      2005-69-cre
      The gas phase reaction \(A \rightarrow B + C\) is carried out in an ideal PFR achieving 40% conversion of \(A\). The feed has 70 mol% \(A\) and 30 mol% inerts. The inlet temperature is 300 K and the outlet temperature is 400 K. The ratio of the outlet to inlet molar concentration of \(A\) (assuming ideal gas mixture and uniform pressure) is
      1. 0.60
      2. 0.30
      3. 0.47
      4. 0.35
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    • Second Order Gas-phase Reaction in Batch Reactor Page
      2017-49-cre
      The following gas-phase reaction is carried out in a constant-volume isothermal batch reactor. \[ A + B \rightarrow R + S \] The reactants \(A\) and \(B\) as well as the product \(S\) are non-condensable gases. At the operating temperature, the saturation pressure of the product \(R\) is 40 kPa.

      Initially, the batch reactor contains equimolar amounts of \(A\) and \(B\) (and no products) at a total pressure of 100 kPa. The initial concentrations of the reactants are \(C_{A0}=C_{B0}=12.5\) mol/m3. The rate of reaction is given by \((-r_A) = 0.08\;C_AC_B\) mol/m3.s.

      The time at which \(R\) just starts condensing, rounded to 1 decimal place, is ____________ s.

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    • Mass Balance of Semi-batch Reactor Page
      2004-72-cre
      A second order liquid phase reaction \(A \rightarrow B\) is carried out in a mixed flow reactor operated in semi-batch mode (no exit stream). The reactant \(A\) at concentration \(C_{AF}\) is fed to the reactor at a volumetric flow rate of \(F\). The volume of the reacting mixture is \(V\) and the density of the liquid mixture is constant. The mass balance for \(A\) is
      1. \(\displaystyle \frac {d(VC_A)}{dt} = -F(C_{AF}-C_A)-kC_A^2V\)
      2. \(\displaystyle \frac {d(VC_A)}{dt} = F(C_{AF}-C_A)-kC_A^2V\)
      3. \(\displaystyle \frac {d(VC_A)}{dt} = -FC_A-kC_A^2V\)
      4. \(\displaystyle \frac {d(VC_A)}{dt} = FC_{AF}-kC_A^2V\)
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    • Conversion of Zero Order Reaction in CSTR Page
      1990-7-ii-cre
      What is the exit conversion of reactant \(A\) for a zero order reaction taking place in a CSTR with the following data (rate constant = 1 mol/(min.litre); feed concentration = 1 mol/litre; feed flow rate = 0.5 litre/min and reactor volume = 1 litre):
      1. 50%
      2. 75%
      3. 100%
      4. 200%
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    • Volume of Reactors from Levenspiel Plot Page
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    • Plug Flow Reactor with Separation and Recycle Page
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